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Дмитрий Леус уральские пельмени

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Mortgages: Both Sides of the Medal part 2 - Dmitry Leus

Part 1

Дмитрий Леус

Decades, not years
When taking the decision to apply for a mortgage, the first thing to assess is one’s own financial strength. A maximum of prudence should be used, as mortgages are serviced over decades.
However, according to the Head of Mortgage and Consumer Lending at SMP Bank, Natalia Konyakhina, the loan’s term can be determined by the borrower himself. “Basically, people take out a mortgage for 10 to 15 years and repay within 5 to 7 years”, she says. “The longer the term, the greater the interest premium paid to the bank, warns Dmitry Leus from . “If income allows it, I advise early mortgage repayment”.
When making a decision about buying a property with a mortgage, it is important not to be frightened. In fact, for most people mortgages are the only way to turn into home owners, without having to save up for years (and see these savings finally eroded by inflation). According to Dmitry Leus, mortgages are a time-tested, relatively comfortable, streamlined, and affordable tool to solve the housing question.
On the other hand, it would be misguided to take mortgages lightly. Repayment is mandatory and must be made on a regular basis, unless your home be repossessed. Accordingly, it is necessary to calculate what portion of family income can comfortably be spent on repayment - without living on bread and water.
What it takes
While deciding on a mortgage, it is not only the borrower who assesses his financial capacities. So does the bank...
“The borrower must have a stable job”, argues Natalia Konyakhina. It is a good sign if the borrower already owns an apartment, a secondary residence, a car, or any other assets of value. Equally important is a positive credit history”.
“An official proof of income is an icebreaker for most banks”, says Dmitry Leus. “However, even the existence of historical income figures as, for example, evidenced in an applicant’s official tax declaration, cannot guarantee that such income will always be available over the mortgage’s life”. Therefore banks are more and more often using internal questionnaires to document the income history of their potential clients. As a consequence, interest rates may be slightly higher.

The average borrower’s age is between 27 and 45, but the range may be wider. “Our applicants tend to be between 21 and 60 years old”, says Dmitry Leus.
Better not bet
Another important aspect worth consideration is the loan currency. “It is better to take out a mortgage in the currency of the borrower’s income, in order to avoid increased mortgage costs due to exchange rate fluctuations”, says Natalya Konyakhina.
“For borrowers with income in Russian roubles, the mortgage should, of course, only be taken in roubles”, agrees Sergey Arzyantsev. “It is nonsense to take a mortgage loan denominated in dollars/euros, thereby entering into a bet on whether the dollar/euro currency pair will weaken against the rouble”. “If the borrower's main income is in roubles, the mortgage should definitely be in roubles too”, confirms DmitryLeus from . “This will at least help avoid taking an unnecessary currency risk”. According to Dmitry Leus, it is important not to be naive about floating rate mortgage proposals, which are normally linked to such instruments as the MosPrime (Moscow Prime Offered Rate), or the Libor (London Interbank Offered Rate), or to the Central Bank’s own refinancing rate“. I am very cautious with regard to this option”, says Dmitry Leus. “Interest rates can only go up right now and, in general, when it comes to mortgages, exchange rate uncertainty is an undesirable additional burden for the borrower”.

On the other hand, by making a simple calculation, one can see that floating rate offers can look quite attractive. For example, one bank offers 9.75% for the first five years, and 4.5% above MosPrime (today at 6.64%) during the remaining years.
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Mortgages: Both Sides of the Medal - Dmitry Leus

Dmitry Leus

Dmitry Leus: “If income allows it, I advise early mortgage repayment”

Buying a property is certainly not a situation when one should “jump in feet first”, in particular when it comes to taking out a mortgage. Which are the main points potential mortgage buyers should keep in mind?
Suppose you decided to improve your housing situation: buy your own flat, move from a two-bedroom flat into a three-bedroom apartment, or move closer to the centre. The decision is taken..., but you cannot afford it. That is the exact moment when the concept of the mortgage comes to mind.
Some view mortgages as a form of modern enslavement but, honestly, saving millions is a difficult task for common mortals. Of course, mortgages have their advantages and disadvantages. There are a lot of small but important details borrowers should know in order to avoid trouble. One thing is clear - on your road to the paradise of home owners, do not stop at the first bank, and do not blindly agree to all conditions.
Take it or leave it
In summer 2011, the mortgage market was very attractive for borrowers - thousands of offers, promotions, discounts, as lenders competed to win over customers.
Then came fears over the possibility of a “second wave” of the crisis. And things on the mortgage market began to change...
Currently, banks have started to raise interest rates on loans, including mortgages. For the moment the increase is still small, not over 1 percent, but that may change...
“In the current macroeconomic environment, new home owners wishing to apply for a mortgage should act quickly”, recommends the Chairman of Dmitry Leus, justifying his position by expert opinion stating that interest rates are not expected to fall in the short to mid-term. Quite the opposite: “in fact, in crisis situations, banks not only tend to increase interest rates, but also to adopt more restrictive mortgage approval processes”, explains the banking specialist. “In other words, client applications run a greater risk of being rejected, as assumptions are tested against a more pessimistic scenario, and documentary evidence requirements with regard to client data such as income history undergo higher scrutiny”, says DmitryLeus.
“Many banks have begun to tighten credit conditions. This is the result of increased costs of credit resources. Better to jump on the bandwagon of low rates right now”, equally confirms Sergei Arzyantsev, Head of Mortgage Lending at Nomos Bank.


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Dmitry Leus: “Russian Regions is Our Means of Survival” 3

- I have often heard private bankers complain that the mortgage sector is an “unlevel” playing field. Do you agree that privately-owned and state banks are not competing at arm’s length?
- Dmitry Leus: I agree, but we should keep in mind that unequal conditions do not only prevail on the mortgage market. A big player such as Sberbank is able to provide SME lending at a rate of 8% p.a. whereas our average-weighted cost of funds ranges between 8.5 and 8.75%.
On the other hand, we have our own competitive advantages. We can afford to show flexibility when it comes to evidentiary requirements with regard to a client’s income. In addition, as a small bank, we can immediately adapt to sudden market changes. To turn around a big bank is something else. Our mortgage rates are therefore cheaper than Sberbank’s at the moment. This is because we were recently able to sell an important portfolio of securities, and have even excess liquidity now. These funds need to be invested somewhere, and this enables us to lend at lower margins.
Every international consultant will confirm that an ideal credit portfolio should have the following outlook: 50% of it should be invested into collateralized loans, 10-15% should be invested into consumer lending, or other high-yield credits, and 20-30% should be kept in treasury bonds or other safe-haven securities which can easily be sold or refinanced with the Central Bank.
- You have recently engaged in consumer lending. What has been your experience?
- Dmitry Leus: We had mortgage rates starting at 9.95% and noticed that some client agreed to these conditions. The average rate on the market is currently 10%. We can afford lower rates and have no plans to raise them because we dispose of sufficient liquidity. However, at some point we will nevertheless have to increase our rates, because the next wave of funding is likely to be more expensive. In any event, consumer loans are a good way of boosting our overall profitability
- There are many similar products on the market now.  What is your competitive advantage?
- Dmitry Leus: The most important thing in consumer lending is a good organization of sales, in addition to a high-quality client service. For instance, our “New Year’s Loan” is designed for people who cannot afford to buy Christmas presents for their beloved ones. What counts for such clients is the speed at which the loan is issued. They are not bothered by the fact that they will have to pay a premium of RUB 200 per month. We can offer a quick service if the client has good scores and underwriting results. The first criterion is credit scores. Some lenders get satisfied with good scores and will mechanically award the loan. For us, scoring is just the first step, the second step being underwriting. We may not have the lowest rates on the market, but in order to keep default rates low we put quality over volume.
- Let’s return to funding.  Is it correct to say that client deposits constitute about half of your liabilities?
- Dmitry Leus: Yes, we have more than RUB 9bn in deposits and an overall balance of RUB 18.5bn.
- At the same time, I understand you are not attracting clients by means of higher deposit rates. By which means do you attract them?
- Dmitry Leus: I have the impression that we have less and less people shopping around and going from bank to bank in search of the best interest rates.
- Well, I shop around...


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Инвестиции в «гадкого утёнка» - Дмитрий Исаакович Леус


30.11.2015
Банкрот, год назад казалось, что это слово подходит как нельзя лучше к компании Игоря Зюзина – «Мечел». У компании были гигантские долги, более 9 миллиардов долларов, показатель чистый долг/EBITDA зашкаливал за 10, кредиторы один за другим начали требовать возврата долгов в судебном порядке, подавая иски. Капитализация упала до уровня меньше 100 миллионов долларов, со своего пика в 18 миллиардов долларов. Цены на уголь и железную руду падали стремительно, не нащупывая дно и превосходя самые худшие ожидания аналитиков…
Но случилась девальвация рубля, и экономическая ситуация на предприятии начала кардинально меняться, потому что большая часть затрат у компании номинирована в рублях, а солидная часть продукции уходит на экспорт. К тому же компания завершила строительства универсального рельсобалочного стана на челябинском металлургическом комбинате. Начала добычу угля на новом Эльгинском угольном месторождении. И ситуация начала постепенно выправляться, акции компании резко подскочили с 11 до 100 рублей за одну обыкновенную акцию на спекулятивном спросе (см. рисунок №1).
Мечел - Дмитрий Леус
Мечел — Дмитрий Леус
Рисунок 1. Котировки акций Мечел обыкновенная в 2015 году.
Однако ситуация до сих пор не простая. Для того чтобы понять причину таких проблем надо сделать шаг назад в историю. На волне подъёме цен на сырьевые товары компания скупала, по большей части, зарубежные активы сомнительного качества, по завышенным ценам, от которых потом пришлось избавляться за мизерную стоимость, а долги-то остались. Плюс пришлось занимать у банков деньги на освоение Эльгинского угольного месторождения, строительства универсального рельсобалочного стана и модернизацию остального производства. На пике рыночных цен, менеджмент халатно отнесся к возможным рискам, за что компания и поплатилась, когда цены на продукцию в 2012 году начали снижаться, дойдя до того, что компании не хватало денег для погашения процентов по долгам, не говоря уже о самом долге. Также явно не способствовало и замедление темпов роста экономике в нашей стране, подливая масла в разгорающийся огонь.
С девальвацией рубля, у компании появился свет в конце тоннеля, правда очень-очень длинного ещё. Для того, чтобы как-то выправить ситуацию компания начала распродажу части активов, практически избавившись от больше части зарубежных заводов, сократив издержки на их содержание и немного уменьшив свой долг за счет этого.
Главной надеждой у Мечела связаны с Эльгинским угольным месторождением, содержащим более 2 млрд. тонн коксующегося угля, дефицитных марок, ежегодная добыча на котором, после выхода на проектную мощность составит около 30 миллионов тонн. Низкая себестоимость добычи открытым карьерным способом и близость к экспортным морским портам, делают этот актив очень ценным. Уже по итогам этого года добыча составит более 4 миллионов тонн, постепенно увеличивающая от месяца к месяцу. Для дальнейшего освоения, имеется открытая кредитная линия от ВЭБа, на сумму 2 млрд. долларов, которая сейчас заморожена до решения проблем с кредиторами.
А этим проблемы решаются. Уже подписаны соглашения с Газпромбанком и банком ВТБ, до конца года ожидается подписания со Сбербанком, основными кредиторами компании на реструктуризацию долгов, с заморозкой выплат до апреля 2017 года. Облигационные займы также были реструктуризированы. Общий долг сократился до 6,3 млрд. долларов по состоянию на сентябрь 2015 года.
Ещё один актив, который уже начал процесс отдачи, это универсальный рельсобалочный стан челябинского металлургического комбината мощность 1,1 млн. тонн продукции в год. Развитие БАМ и перспективы постройки ВСМ Москва – Казань, дают хорошие надежды на закупки рельсов со стороны РЖД, а при повышение ВВП в стране, и со стороны строительных компаний стоит ожидать закупки продукции.
Даже при таких ценах на сырье (уголь, железную руду, сталь) компания генерирует не плохой денежный поток уже сейчас, а если начнется новый экономический цикл в мире, то стоит ожидать подъёма цен на продукцию. Недавно Джордж Сорос купил крупный пакет акций одной американской угольной компании, уж он то точно знает когда надо покупать.
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Инвестиции в банк №1 советы от Дмитрия Леуса

Дмитрий Исаакович Леус

Автор: Леус Дмитрий Исаакович                                                                                                       24.11.2015
Главным достоянием Татарстана можно считать Татнефть, в Башкирии – Башнефть, то в Республике Якутия – это Алроса. Компания Алроса — лидер мировой добычи алмазов, с долей рынки чуть менее 30%, у основного конкурента, компании De Beers, она меньше. К тому же компания De Beers частная, не торгуемая на бирже, а Алроса недавно провела успешное IPO, и цена на акции в несколько раз выросли, забегаю вперед скажу, что сейчас они находятся в стадии коррекции, но об этом позже. Основные алмазодобывающие мощности находятся в Якутии, запасы сырья у компании значительные. Ежегодно компания увеличивать производство алмазов, вытесняя своих конкурентов с рынка, т.к. обладает значительно более низкой себестоимость добычи, а после девальвации, затраты ещё стали ниже, так как основной сбыт продукции идет за доллары. Рентабельность по EBITDA выросла до значений выше 50%, что дает возможность генерировать не плохую прибыль.
В настоящее время на рынки алмазов наблюдается снижение спроса, как результат падение цены, что не могло не сказать на котировках акций компании (см. рисунок №1). Которые упали с уровня 84 рублей, до текущего значения в 50 рублей. Однако не только это повлияло на снижение, больше похоже на то, что выходит какой-то крупный игрок, возможно решив зафиксировать свою прибыль, или под негативным влиянием санкций. Игрок, распродав последнее, снимет гнёт и акции компании смогут выстрелить стремительно вверх, после преодоления линии снижающегося тренда.
Дмитрий Леус
Алроса, инвестиции от Дмитрий Леуса
Рисунок №1. Котировки акций Алроса в 2015 году.
На график котировок акций не попала линия поддержки, находящая на уровне 48 рублей, при достижении которой и стоит покупать акции. Оптимальным считается покупка акций надо на дне, чтобы получить максимальную прибыль от вложений. Многие допускают ошибку, покупая на пиках, и обжегшись, больше никогда не вкладывают в акции на фондовой бирже.
Перспективы у компании очень хорошие, если бы не дальнейшее снижение рубля, то по итогам текущего года компания могла показать рекордную прибыль, около 100 миллиардов рублей, но девальвация благо для компании, как я уже писал выше. И вполне возможно в 2016 году мы увидим прибыль ещё выше, я допускаю возможность увидеть и 120 миллиардов рублей! А с учетом того, что дивидендная политика компании предусматривает выплату дивидендов в размере 35% от чистой прибыли по МСФО, они будут более чем достойными.
Несмотря на то, что компания №1 по добычи в мире алмазов, она продолжает расти, собираясь в течении ближайших 3-5 лет увеличить добычу ещё на 20% от текущих уровней. Конкуренты же не вкладывают в своё развитие, разработка новых алмазных шахт, очень затратное дело и значительное по времени, да и нету сейчас таких месторождений в мире. Нынешние месторождения истощаются, и уже в 2017 году будет наблюдаться дефицит, и с годам он будет только расти. У Алросы имеется солидный запас уже добытых алмазов на складе, по самым скромным подсчетам, составляющий порядка 50 миллиардов рублей! А ещё компания намеревается в ближайшее время продать, свою газодобывающую дочку Роснефти, выручив за неё 50 – 60 миллиардов рублей.
Если вы ещё раздумываете, то стоит поспешить, как долго мировой лидер по добычи алмазов будет торговать на уровне меньше четырех годовых прибылей, сказать сложно, но думаю что это не надолго.
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Дмитрий Леус - Инвестиции в блеск Якутии.

Дмитрий Исаакович Леус

Главным достоянием Татарстана можно считать Татнефть, в Башкирии – Башнефть, то в Республике Якутия – это Алроса. Компания Алроса — лидер мировой добычи алмазов, с долей рынки чуть менее 30%, у основного конкурента, компании De Beers, она меньше. К тому же компания De Beers частная, не торгуемая на бирже, а Алроса недавно провела успешное IPO, и цена на акции в несколько раз выросли, забегаю вперед скажу, что сейчас они находятся в стадии коррекции, но об этом позже. Основные алмазодобывающие мощности находятся в Якутии, запасы сырья у компании значительные. Ежегодно компания увеличивать производство алмазов, вытесняя своих конкурентов с рынка, т.к. обладает значительно более низкой себестоимость добычи, а после девальвации, затраты ещё стали ниже, так как основной сбыт продукции идет за доллары. Рентабельность по EBITDA выросла до значений выше 50%, что дает возможность генерировать не плохую прибыль.
В настоящее время на рынки алмазов наблюдается снижение спроса, как результат падение цены, что не могло не сказать на котировках акций компании (см. рисунок №1). Которые упали с уровня 84 рублей, до текущего значения в 50 рублей. Однако не только это повлияло на снижение, больше похоже на то, что выходит какой-то крупный игрок, возможно решив зафиксировать свою прибыль, или под негативным влиянием санкций. Игрок, распродав последнее, снимет гнёт и акции компании смогут выстрелить стремительно вверх, после преодоления линии снижающегося тренда.
Дмитрий Леус
Алроса, инвестиции от Дмитрий Леуса
Рисунок №1. Котировки акций Алроса в 2015 году.
На график котировок акций не попала линия поддержки, находящая на уровне 48 рублей, при достижении которой и стоит покупать акции. Оптимальным считается покупка акций надо на дне, чтобы получить максимальную прибыль от вложений. Многие допускают ошибку, покупая на пиках, и обжегшись, больше никогда не вкладывают в акции на фондовой бирже.
Перспективы у компании очень хорошие, если бы не дальнейшее снижение рубля, то по итогам текущего года компания могла показать рекордную прибыль, около 100 миллиардов рублей, но девальвация благо для компании, как я уже писал выше. И вполне возможно в 2016 году мы увидим прибыль ещё выше, я допускаю возможность увидеть и 120 миллиардов рублей! А с учетом того, что дивидендная политика компании предусматривает выплату дивидендов в размере 35% от чистой прибыли по МСФО, они будут более чем достойными.
Несмотря на то, что компания №1 по добычи в мире алмазов, она продолжает расти, собираясь в течении ближайших 3-5 лет увеличить добычу ещё на 20% от текущих уровней. Конкуренты же не вкладывают в своё развитие, разработка новых алмазных шахт, очень затратное дело и значительное по времени, да и нету сейчас таких месторождений в мире. Нынешние месторождения истощаются, и уже в 2017 году будет наблюдаться дефицит, и с годам он будет только расти. У Алросы имеется солидный запас уже добытых алмазов на складе, по самым скромным подсчетам, составляющий порядка 50 миллиардов рублей! А ещё компания намеревается в ближайшее время продать, свою газодобывающую дочку Роснефти, выручив за неё 50 – 60 миллиардов рублей.
Если вы ещё раздумываете, то стоит поспешить, как долго мировой лидер по добычи алмазов будет торговать на уровне меньше четырех годовых прибылей, сказать сложно, но думаю что это не надолго.
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Системы видеонаблюдения

Что такое ВИДЕОНАБЛЮДЕНИЕ – это комплекс системы безопасности, организованный на основе видео-телевизионного оборудования, обеспечивающий безопасность объектов, складов, промышленных помещений, офисов, коттеджей, домов, мест парковки, гаражей и т.д.

Система видеонаблюдения – это интегрированный комплекс специальных технических средств безопасности, обеспечивающий непрерывный визуальный контроль за конкретным объектом (всей территории или отдельных ее частей), с целью фиксации и своевременного реагирования на нештатные события и противоправные действия.

Давайте разберемся, какие существуют видеокамеры и для чего они предназначены. Как Вы уже знаете, что есть черно-белые и цветные видеокамеры, но это не полное понятие характеристик камер. Промышленностью мира выпускаются несколько видов видеокамер и они подразделяються на:

а) Модульные камеры
б) Мини камеры
в) Купальные камеры
г) Поворотные
д) IP видеокамеры
е) Веб камеры
ж) Корпусные камеры

Модульные камеры, это камеры начального уровня, недорогие и удобны для организации системы охранного телевидения. Качество изображения у этой камеры среднее но для нас она вполне пойдет. Купольные камеры встречаются как самые простые со встроенной модульной камерой так и самые сложные поворотные камеры с трансфокаторами. Выполнены такие камеры в виде купола и крепятся в основном к потолку или на стену. Корпусные камеры самый правильный выбор для самостоятельной установки видеонаблюдения, такая камера дает качественное изображение. Камеры для промышленных объектов, это камеры предназначены для установки системы видеонаблюдения в особых условиях. При покупке камер мы сталкиваемся с различными терминами.

ПОДКЛЮЧЕНИЕ ВИДЕОРЕГИСТРАТОРА
Планируя купить систему видонаблюдения для загородного дома, офиса или квартиры, также нужно запланировать кто именно будет осуществлять подключение видеорегистратора. Наш интернет магазин производит подключение видеорегистратора, а также дальнейшую настройку и краткое обучение использования основных функций.

Услуга подключение видеорегистратора осуществляется путем подсоединения сигнальных кабелей, приходящих от видеокамер, которые в свою очередь установлены в местах наблюдения. Установка видеорегистратора, как правило, производится уже после того как установлены видеокамеры, в заранее выбранное место. Кабеля, идущие от камер, обжимаются специальными разъемами и подключаются к аналогичным портам видеорегистратора.

Полноценная установка видеорегистратора подразумевает подключение проводки от видеокамер и проверка работоспособности. После этого система готова к транслированию видеосигнала в реальном времени, а для того, чтобы видеорегистратор архивировал видеоматериал потребуется установить жесткий диск. В некоторых моделях существует возможность настройки удаленного доступа через мобильный телефон или планшет. Такие настройки оплачиваются отдельно.


После того, как была совершена установка видеорегистратора рекомендуется зафиксировать все проложенные кабеля, чтобы избежать случайного обрыва. Теперь система подготовлена к полноценному использованию.
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Dmitry Leus: “Russian Regions is Our Means of Survival” 2

- I have often heard private bankers complain that the mortgage sector is an “unlevel” playing field. Do you agree that privately-owned and state banks are not competing at arm’s length?
- Dmitry Leus: I agree, but we should keep in mind that unequal conditions do not only prevail on the mortgage market. A big player such as Sberbank is able to provide SME lending at a rate of 8% p.a. whereas our average-weighted cost of funds ranges between 8.5 and 8.75%.
On the other hand, we have our own competitive advantages. We can afford to show flexibility when it comes to evidentiary requirements with regard to a client’s income. In addition, as a small bank, we can immediately adapt to sudden market changes. To turn around a big bank is something else. Our mortgage rates are therefore cheaper than Sberbank’s at the moment. This is because we were recently able to sell an important portfolio of securities, and have even excess liquidity now. These funds need to be invested somewhere, and this enables us to lend at lower margins.
Every international consultant will confirm that an ideal credit portfolio should have the following outlook: 50% of it should be invested into collateralized loans, 10-15% should be invested into consumer lending, or other high-yield credits, and 20-30% should be kept in treasury bonds or other safe-haven securities which can easily be sold or refinanced with the Central Bank.
- You have recently engaged in consumer lending. What has been your experience?
- Dmitry Leus: We had mortgage rates starting at 9.95% and noticed that some client agreed to these conditions. The average rate on the market is currently 10%. We can afford lower rates and have no plans to raise them because we dispose of sufficient liquidity. However, at some point we will nevertheless have to increase our rates, because the next wave of funding is likely to be more expensive. In any event, consumer loans are a good way of boosting our overall profitability
- There are many similar products on the market now.  What is your competitive advantage?
- Dmitry Leus: The most important thing in consumer lending is a good organization of sales, in addition to a high-quality client service. For instance, our “New Year’s Loan” is designed for people who cannot afford to buy Christmas presents for their beloved ones. What counts for such clients is the speed at which the loan is issued. They are not bothered by the fact that they will have to pay a premium of RUB 200 per month. We can offer a quick service if the client has good scores and underwriting results. The first criterion is credit scores. Some lenders get satisfied with good scores and will mechanically award the loan. For us, scoring is just the first step, the second step being underwriting. We may not have the lowest rates on the market, but in order to keep default rates low we put quality over volume.
- Let’s return to funding.  Is it correct to say that client deposits constitute about half of your liabilities?
- Dmitry Leus: Yes, we have more than RUB 9bn in deposits and an overall balance of RUB 18.5bn.
- At the same time, I understand you are not attracting clients by means of higher deposit rates. By which means do you attract them?
- Dmitry Isaakovich Leus: I have the impression that we have less and less people shopping around and going from bank to bank in search of the best interest rates.
- Well, I shop around...


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Dmitry Leus: “Russian Regions is Our Means of Survival”

Leus

The Russian banking system is showing signs of a liquidity crisis, with growing fears of a financial crisis, and Alexei Kudrin is speaking about a full-fledged economic crisis. At the same time, the Chairman of Bank Zapadny, Dmitry Leus, speaks about hyper-liquidity and contemplates conducting an IPO.
- Dmitry Isaakovich, there is a general belief that small banks must specialize in order to be successful. On the other hand, you offer a relatively broad product line and behave like a universal bank. Why did you choose such a strategy?
- Dmitry Leus: The truth is that we are not a universal bank in the full sense of the term, as our main focus is still in retail banking. But our retail offering is universal indeed – mortgage loans, car loans, overdraft loans, and other consumer lending products. When it comes to loans for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), we currently adopt a more cautious approach. I am not saying that we are not working at all in that sector, but corporate lending requires a more complex analysis of our customers. In addition, the last two years have seen defaults mostly in the sector of SME lending.
On the other hand, an analysis of default statistics shows that mortgage lending is a relatively safe product. Unfortunately, it is impossible to survive from mortgages only, due to lower profit margins in this segment.
- Can you tell us more about the mortgage lending market? Are you working with the Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending (AHML), an institution studying the international experience of mortgage lending in order to introduce best practices into Russia?
- Dmitry Leus: AHML requires its partners to fulfil certain criteria. However, in my opinion, a large part of our country does not meet these criteria. Unfortunately, unofficial revenues still constitute an important part of the Russian economy.
In general, the belief that credit should only be awarded based on documented income is misguided. Take a 15-year mortgage – who in our country can look back to a 15-years track record within one single company? The focus should therefore be on the collateral. If a loan can be justified in light of the collateral, then less attention should be given to the income history of the creditor.
- Does that mean that you raise capital based on your liabilities?
- Dmitry Leus: Correct. We basically use deposits when lending, in addition to the Bank’s capital, of course.
- Is this not too risky? A bank’s liabilities are of a short-term nature, as deposits may be withdrawn at any moment. A bank’s assets, however, often take years to mature.
- Dmitry Leus: I do not deny that there is a certain risk involved. Nevertheless, on average, a mortgage loan’s maturity amounts to 5 years. In addition, any loan, even if it hasn’t been awarded according to AHML standards, may be ultimately sold. Sberbank, for instance, offers such programmes, as well as the other banks. There are also partner programmes that allow raising liquidity when necessary. But for us this is the last resort, because it is not our goal to work as an agent. We intend to preserve our client base and to offer them the products and services they ask for.


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businesses in the Russian regions part 3

part 2
As stated earlier, when a financial institution concentrates on a few core products, it is already taking an important risk. We have therefore taken the decision to enlarge our product line to include lending offerings for SMBs in the Russian regions, in addition to corporate lending.
- What motivated your decision to develop SMB lending?
- Dmitry Leus: First and foremost, we came to the conclusion that our financial positions would allow such an undertaking. Secondly, we already had in-depth knowledge of this market and had the feeling that we understood our future customers well. In addition, the platform was already in place – a professional team, our prior expertise, functioning IT solutions, in addition to regional presence.

Leus
Dmitry Leus

- Which are the most popular products your bank offers for SMBs? Are there any joint programs?
- Dmitry Leus: Our lending solutions for SMBs do not exceed RUB 3m - with a minimal amount of RUB 30k and durations not exceeding 3 years. Interest rates are calculated on a case-by-case basis reflecting the client’s financial indicators, with a minimal interest rate of 15% p.a. For seasonal businesses, we may even provide for individual repayment schedules.
To qualify for a loan, a company must have been on the market for over a year, and state participation should not exceed 25%. Also, the company’s headcount should not be over 250 people. The company must have met all its tax and social obligations. On the other hand, we do not have any preference with regard to the nature of the business and are prepared to deal with companies operating in such various sectors as shops, restaurants, hotels, software firms, building companies, and car service stations. In short, everyone is welcome.
When making the credit decision, we analyze a company’s business plan, its financial situation, in addition to its credit history with other banks, etc. The company should have sound financials and be profitable.
We stimulate entrepreneurs to engage in joint ventures and are prepared to gain a deep understanding of their core activities. Bank  has an individual approach to every borrower. We are interested in long-term partnerships with our corporate clients. Hence we invite them to transfer their working capital to the bank. This allows the bank to easily analyze its clients’ financial condition and provides our clients with the opportunity to deepen collaboration through more favorable conditions and interest rates.
We practically do not take account-keeping commissions and, where we do, such commissions are in stark disproportion to the liquidity provided. Rather, having our clients’ account with us enables us to better understand their operating activities, thereby increasing transparency. Based on my experience, I can say that most clients remain faithful to us event long after the loan has been returned. It means that we have finally gained their trust. They know that they have earned their right for future preferential treatment. In addition, we know the management team of such companies, their market standing, and many other details.
- Over the last year, Bank  has significantly increased its presence in the Russian regions. What dictated such a move? Is it the smaller amount of initial capital investments, the lower level of competition with other financial market players, or a heightened focus on the revival of SMBs in the Russian regions?
- Dmitry Leus: This choice was determined by a whole range of factors. First of all, corporate borrowers in the regions are much more disciplined – their default rate is below 1 percent. Secondly, in opposition to the capital, the regional credit market is not overheated. There is a lack of financial institutions in small Russian towns, and clients are far more attentive to new opportunities. Our regional network counts over 70 branches, with a rising tendency. Our strategy in this regard is very simple: we open a branch, take it to its break-even point, and then we open a new one. Finally, with regard to organizational issues, it is easier to set up a new business in the Russian regions. Our managers have the opportunity to visit their customers, evaluate their businesses, and establish a personal relationship.
In the long run, I see great potential in the revival of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian regions.


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: "I see great potential in the revival of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian regions."


Part 1

- This is open for debate. The crisis has also shown that repayment shortfalls have only slowly increased in the segment of consumer lending. At the same time, corporate creditors have had recourse to several tricks such as automatic roll-overs in order to hide away their repayment difficulties.
- Dmitry Leus: I agree with your observation. Every credit decision happens against the background of a bank’s financial risk management.
Bank  disposes of a strict system for financial risk modelling. Every day, we receive approximately 2500 new credit requests from private individuals. Among all these requests, only about 18% receive final credit approval. In addition, repayment shortfalls of up to 60 days are addressed by our debt collection services. The latter’s collection strategy is continuously being adapted to prevailing market conditions. For example, there existed a period when we completely stopped lending to individuals under the age of 25, as we observed a specific age-related difficulty when it came to repayment discipline.
Furthermore, our analysts are monitoring Bank ’s credit portfolio on an ongoing basis. We provide RUB 1bn of finance to the Russian population every month, which constitutes a relatively small amount. On the other hand, it is just enough to subject our credit portfolio to a thorough analysis and take ad-hoc decisions when needed. In light of Bank ’s 70 branches across Russia, I may add that working in the Russian regions has proven easier than in the capital, as loan repayment rates have historically been higher in the periphery. In total, our current private-loan default rate amounts to only 6 percent.
In contrast, in the realm of small and mid-size businesses we have so far practically not seen any arrears at all, which may be due to the fact that we have just entered this market. Thanks to our cautious approach to risk, I am convinced that our default rate in this segment will be even lower than during our private lending activities.
Let us not forget that consumer lending in general is a mass market that is dominated by standardized processes. SMB lending, on the other hand, allows for an individual approach which takes into consideration the multitude of layers of a credit request. Thus, prior to being forwarded to our centralized Credit Committee in Moscow, every corporate credit submission is carefully prepared in one of Bank ’s regional branches. For example, our regional credit specialists conduct site visits during which they value the respective company’s market standing, monitor contractual partners, and go through a potential client’s consolidated financial statements. Such an in-depth approach enables us to select the top tier out of 10 applications.
- Your bank has been in existence on the Russian market since 1993. This is an important period in the relatively young Russian banking sector. Bank  has lived through more than one crisis. Based on your experience, which should be the strategy of today’s commercial banks in Russia?
- Dmitry Leus: The survival strategy for niche commercial banks in contemporary Russia with its economic uncertainties consists in sound risk management.
From a business perspective, the secret of success for weathering any crisis consists in the strong will of the bank’s owners and stakeholders to preserve and develop their business. The first thing which is being taught in business administration courses is the theory of economic choice – that is, the choice one must make when faced with two or more alternative uses of a resource. Crisis economics simply dramatizes this basic economic choice.
The banking industry today presents higher risks than other economic sectors. To take these risks is the choice of every shareholder and manager. I arrive at work before 8 am and leave the bank after 8 pm. This is the only way to work in order to achieve good results. The banking industry consists of a multitude of little things hardly recognizable to outsiders. However, taken together they critically impact the bank’s financial results. Every aspect of the business must receive its due attention, starting with administrative tasks and ending with the closure of big transactions. There are a million of details which may escape the attention of the bank’s managing director. A permanently heightened state of alert should therefore become the responsible banker’s second nature. In my opinion, a bank controlled and managed by its owners is the best guarantee of success.
In addition, the right risk management does not consist in doing the maths and then ticking the box. Rather, it consists in picking up the faint signal of today that will become tomorrow’s big challenge – a practice the Austrian economist and management consultant Peter Drucker has called the anticipation of a future that has already happened. Risks are present in every form of business. However, some risks are balanced by reasonable rewards, others are not. The essence of entrepreneurship consists in getting this balance right.


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Инвестиции в монеты советского периода: Ходовые монеты 1970-го года

Российский рынок инвестиций в редкие монеты активно развивается, по данным нумизматического инвестиционного фонда Monetarius.Capital число коллекционеров редких монет инвесторов за последние 10 лет в России выросло в 4 раза! Как говорится – спрос рождает предложение, и следовательно формирует цену. Особо привлекательные с точки зрения инвестора советские монеты росту в цене от 30% до 100% в год, среди таких высоколиквидных редких монет стоит отметить монеты для обращения 1970 года. Тираж таких монет крайне маленький, что делает их желанными в любой коллекции и инвестпортфеле.

5 Копеек 1970 года

5 Копеек 1970 года
2012 г. – 5700 руб.
2013 г. — 6300 руб.
2014 г. – 7300 руб.
2015 г. — 11900 руб.
2015 г. (ноябрь) – 12700 руб.
Источник цен — www.fcoins.ru/catalog/catalogussr/catalogussr12540.asp
Итого рост с января 2012 года по ноябрь 2015 года – 223%

15 копеек 1970 года

15 копеек 1970 года
2012 г. — 8100 руб.
2013 г. — 9100 руб.
2014 г. – 10300 руб.
2015 г. — 11600 руб.
2015 г. (ноябрь) — 12700 руб.
Источник цен – www.fcoins.ru/catalog/catalogussr/catalogussr12920.asp
Итого рост с января 2012 года по ноябрь 2015 года – 157%

20 копеек 1970 года

20 копеек 1970 года
2012 г. — 4900 руб.
2013 г. — 5600 руб.
2014 г. – 6500 руб.
2015 г. — 7400 руб.
2015 г. (ноябрь) — 8100 руб.
Источник цен — www.fcoins.ru/catalog/catalogussr/catalogussr13084.asp
Итого рост с января 2012 года по ноябрь 2015 года – 165%

50 копеек 1970 года

50 копеек 1970 года
2012 г. — 3400 руб.
2013 г. — 3800 руб.
2014 г. – 5000 руб.
2015 г. — 6500 руб.
2015 г. (ноябрь) — 7700 руб.
Источник цен — www.fcoins.ru/catalog/catalogussr/catalogussr13176.asp
Итого рост с января 2012 года по ноябрь 2015 года – 226%
Таким образом общая доходность портфеля из перечисленных 4 монет за почти 4 года составляет 193% или 48% в год!!!
Автор: Леус Дмитрий Исаакович, специально для monetarius.capital
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Businesses in the Russian regions

Дмитрий Исаакович Леус


- Dmitry Leus, what is your assessment of the current state of the Russian economy? Is the banking sector feeling the stagnation announced by certain analysts?
- Dmitry Leus: To give assessments and predictions is an ungrateful task. The Russian and worldwide economy are such that no one can hope to grasp the full picture and make plausible forecasts. Today, even senior analysts equipped with the most refined methods of forecasting struggle at making straightforward statements. I will therefore not engage in forecasts and complex theories. However, I am prepared to share some simple thoughts on the current market situation.
In my view, at the present moment, both a crisis and a sudden breakdown are equally unlikely. I rather expect a situation of slow stagnation requiring some time for adaptation. The banking sector, the regulator, and private enterprises will need to renew their focus on their core activities. In such circumstances, it is necessary for market participants to adjust their behavior in order to work effectively and survive.
We must keep in mind that the popularity of any bank’s core products is in many ways a function of the general market situation. How to explain otherwise the fact that in the recent years almost all financial institutions rushed into consumer credits? Banks are only prepared to take risks if they are rewarded by profits. If, however, costs of funds are high, banks need to play by different rules in order to develop in a sustainable way.
Thus, as long as costs of funds were low, actively increased its mortgage loan portfolio. At the same time, we heavily invested into our IT infrastructure, created a professional management team, and opened up new branches in strategic locations. However, we were obliged to adjust our expansion plans in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. For a short while, we had recourse to various refinancing options, but quickly realized that our profit margin in this particular segment was too small. Like many other financial market players, we finally had to adapt our strategy to the new environment. Hence, our attention switched to new lending products with smaller margins but higher volumes, and to repayment schedules ranging between 2 and 3 years.
Currently, we plan to slowly return to mortgage lending, albeit on a much smaller scale than before.
- Could we say that Bank, like most of its competitors, is currently mainly active in the segment of consumer loans?
- Dmitry Leus: This is correct, but we are not inactive elsewhere, and plan to expand our presence in other sectors too. Consumer loans constitute a significant part of our current portfolio, but we also plan to address the capital needs of small and mid-size businesses (SMB) and to provide corporate loans.
As you may know, we have recently signed our first contract with SME Bank (The Russian Bank for Small and Medium Enterprises Support) – a subsidiary of Vnesheconombank (VEB). Funds will be used for corporate lending, mainly through our regional offices. This will undoubtedly have a positive impact on the development of Russia’s regional economy. Bank has the intention of continuing its co-operation with SME Bank and signing additional contracts over RUB 3bn.
Overall, we have been providing loans to SME Bank for quite some time. For example, in the past we offered a product called “The Millionaire”, whereby individual entrepreneurs were eligible to receive credits amounting to RUB 1 million if they met certain criteria. Accordingly, we have accumulated experience in valuing small businesses and have even developed our own approach when lending to entrepreneurs. This is a practice we can always return to, even when times are difficult.
It is my deep conviction that banks need to be diversified, even if some of my Russian colleagues may disagree. In today’s market environment, only effective diversification is able to successfully mitigate certain regulatory risks. However, as long as there is a popular consensus that higher than normal profit margins can only be reached at the price of higher risks, even a profitable bank may face the risk of a regulatory crackdown if it concentrates its assets in high-margin product lines.

part 2

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